Unlike trafficking, which involves deception or control over another person for the purpose of exploitation, smuggling means entering another country illegally and is considered consensual.
Wipawadee Panyangnoi, a researcher focused on migration, said officials rushed decisions about whether someone was a trafficking victim, with little concern for their mental health.
"Police don't have the expertise to talk to those under distress ... victims should be given time (to recover)," said Wipawadee, a research fellow at Chulalongkorn University.
While a multi-disciplinary team that includes social workers and non-governmental organizations are tasked to interview and assess the physical and mental health of potential victims, police play a leading role in victim identification.
Jaruvat said police had a "victim-centered approach" but acknowledged that some officials needed a change in attitude.
"Some police, prosecutors and judges see human trafficking as a normal crime," he said.
"They don't see it as a violation of human dignity and that wrongdoers must be severely punished."
(Writer: Nanchanok Wongsamuth, Thomson Reuters Foundation | Editor: Kieran Guilbert)
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